Crystal Ainardi
Bleck
Eng 101
Summary/Detail 3&4

In Chapter three,Brooks Jackson and Kathleen Hall Jamieson, authors of,Un-Spun:Finding Facts In a World of [Disinformation], explain the tricks of the deception trade and how they are so common and obvious we usually shrug them off.
• Things are usually not as they’re described such as a “tall” coffee at our well known coffee chain's, which is not tall in relation to anything else on their menu.
• When the politicians talk about a “cut” it almost never means spending will actually go down.
• A favorite trick among many is “misnomer” which in the dictionary means: an error in naming a person or place.
• In 1994 Bill Clinton signed a so called “assault weapon ban”, assault weapons had been banned in America since the Bonnie and Clyde time all this “ban” did was ban the manufacture and the import of certain semiautomatic weapons .This name was a misnomer.
• Names of products can really deceive the public.
• Like the product “Smoke away” claiming to help people stop smoking in less than a week. They paid to the FTC 1.3 million in 2005 there was no reasonable evidence to their clam and the name of the product was deceptive.
• The “Frame it and Claim It” with the popular “death tax” misnomer, was actually the “federal estate tax” that only affected 1.3 percent of the richest in America. Yet the name “Death Tax” was misleading and framed the issue negatively without giving the true facts.
• “You May Already Be a Winner”, helped make Publishers Clearing House one of the biggest selling magazine with those lines on the outside of their mailed sales pitches. The word “May” was their trick “Weasel Word”, of course most recipients won nothing.
• “Eye Candy” is a popular trick in the ads with medications and politicians. The effect, the pictures, graphics tend to overpower the spoken words. We buy in and forget the side effects
• When we hear the word “Average” especially from our government we think “typical. The average isn’t always typical, not when it comes to things like our federal income taxes.
• “Baseline” is what the budget experts like to say when a politician points the fingers calling “cuts” on opponents.
• The literally true falsehood, picking words that are deceptive without technically being false. Some products that say “reduced fat” may be true, but it doesn’t mean “low fat”, it just has lesser fat than it had before.
• The implied falsehood is something being strongly implied, but not said outright.

In Chapter four, Jackson& Jamieson talk about how and why we as humans let ourselves get spun.

• The “moonbat” effect,for example happened with the website truthout.org who stated that Karl Rove had been indicted which gathered a great following, yet it all turned out to be false.
• Psychologists have found that sometimes when we feel strongly right, we may in fact be wrong.
• The rule is “in general” doesn’t always apply to “this specific” and we need to get past the little mental pictures we automatically form in our heads in order to avoid manipulation.
• One closely related to the pictures in our head is “root for my side”, which in is in effect our commitments to causes, clouds our thinking and what we see or don’t see.
• The evidence that the most misinformed people, are the ones that most insist that they are right, this is the “I know I’m right” trap.
• The “close call” trap is when we are confronted with tough decisions and close calls and give in without really thinking things over.