Early England Timeline: 55 B.C.E. to 1492
Submitted by bradb on Fri, 09/15/2006 - 12:12.
Britain early time line
Celtic and Roman Britain
- 55, 54 BCE: Julius Caesar invades Britain
- 43-410 CE: No literature in Britain, oral cultures
- 85 CE: Roman power established in Britain
- 313 CE: Christianity established in Rome by Constantine
- 410 CE: Roman legions leave Britain
428- 1100: Old English/Anglo-Saxon Period
- 428: Germanic tribes begin invasion of Britain
- 450-700: Probable period of composition for such works as Beowulf and other Old English poems
- 500-700: Christian culture flourishes in Ireland after near obliteration on Continent by Teutonic invasion
- 597: St. Augustine places Roman Christianity on first basis in southern England.
- 600-700: Establishment of powerful Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in Britain
- c. 670: Caedmon, first English poet known by name
- c. 690: Adamnan and first biography in Britain: Life of St. Columba
- c. 700: Beowulf composed in present form
- 731: First history of the English people: "Ecclesiastical History"
- 787: First Danish invasion, conquest by roughly 850
- c. 800 "History of Britons": first mention of Arthur; in Latin
- c. 875-900: probable beginnings of medieval drama
- 878: Peace of Wedmore, partial Danish evacuation
- 893: Asser's Life of Alfred the Great, first life record of a layman
- 979-1016: Second period of Danish invasions
- c. 991: Battle of Maldon, heroic poem
1000-1200: Transition from English to Norman French, Decline of Ango-Saxon heroic verse
- c. 1000 Anglo-Saxon Gospels written; Beowulf manuscript written; probable period of full development of Christmas and Easter cycles of plays
- 1017-1042: Danish kings
- 1042-1-66: Saxon kings restored
- 1066: Battle of Hastings/Senlac: Norman Conquest
- 1086: Domesday Book, important English census
- 1087-1100: William II, centralization of kingdom
- 1096-1099: First Crusade
1100-1350: Anglo-Norman Period
- 1100-1200: French literature dominates Western Europe
- 1100-1135: Reign of Henry I
- c. 1136: Geoffrey of Monmouth's "History of the Kings of Britain" as the first elaborate account of Arthurian court
- 1154: End of entries in Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
- 1154-1189: Reign of Henry II where court becomes center of literature and learning
- c. 1200-1225: Vulgate Romances as an expansion of Arthurian romance material in French prose
- 1215: Magna Charta
- 1258: Henry III uses English as well as French in proclamation
- 1300-1400: English displaces French in speech of upper classes, schools and law. Mystery plays in hands of guilds, first professional actors
1350-1500: Middle English Period
- 1362: English language used in court proceedings rather than Latin
- c. 1380: translation of Bible into English
- 1381: Wat Tyler's rebellion/Peasant's Revolt: desired treatment as free people. Betrayed by Richard II who pretended to support their cause, of which he was the real problem.
- c. 1385 : English replaces French as language of schools
- 1440: Galfridus Grammaticus, English-Latin word list, beginning of English lexicography
- 1450: Jack Cade's rebellion; Gutenberg Press, beginning of modern printing
- 1453: Fall of Constantinople; end of Eastern Empire
- 1456: Gutenberg Bible
- 1469: Mallory completes composition of Le Morte D'Arthur
- 1474: Caxton prints first book printed in English
- c. 1477: first printing press in England, also Caxton's
- 1491: Greek taught at Oxford
- 1492: Columbus discovers/stumbles upon America
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